Lalibela

Era: Medieval

Founder: King Lalibela

Dynasty: Zagwe

Location: Ethiopia

Date: 1200

Lalibela is a historic town in the highlands of Ethiopia, famed for its 11 medieval rock-hewn churches carved directly into the earth. Built during the 12th and 13th centuries under the Zagwe Dynasty, these churches were designed to create a 'New Jerusalem' for Ethiopian Christians during a time when travel to the Holy Land was perilous. The churches are connected by an elaborate system of tunnels and trenches, symbolizing biblical elements such as the River Jordan. The most iconic church is Bete Giyorgis (Church of St. George), shaped like a Greek cross and carved entirely from a single block of stone. Lalibela became a spiritual center for Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and continues to attract thousands of pilgrims today. The town and its churches represent a unique architectural and religious achievement, blending African, Byzantine, and early Christian influences. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Lalibela stands as a testament to Ethiopia’s ancient Christian heritage and the enduring faith of its people.